The Internet’s growth led to the demand for scalable architectures and allowed different parts of the software to sit on different machines.
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The user interface and the data access code were physically combined and logically linked in a single platform.
This resulted in architectures becoming monolithic. With continued advancement in semiconductors and as problems and information became more complex, minicomputers, UNIX, and object-orientated programming languages such as C++, which organized software design around data rather than functions and logic, emerged.
Fortran was the first compiler that freed developers from working with assembly languages-low-level programming languages with a correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture’s machine code instructions-that demanded enormous effort to solve relatively simple computational and logic problems. At first, engineers interacted with mainframe computers by writing programs on punch cards, paper tapes, and magnetic tapes, which led to the emergence of high-level languages such as COBOL (circa 1959) and BASIC (1964). (See “A Timeline of Enterprise Software Architectures.”) With the growing use of new technologies-such as artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR), powered by the Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G networks-there’s a pressing need for a new generation of software architectures. They’ve evolved from mainframe architectures to monolithic, tiered, and, most recently, cloud-native software architectures. Over the last five decades, four major changes in enterprise software architectures have taken place. No wonder the choice of enterprise software architectures has become a strategic imperative in business today. Software architectures drive companies’ innovation capabilities, determine their economics of research and development, and influence their operating models and ability to grow. Enterprise software architectures are the underpinnings of every technology-driven organization not just hardware and software companies but also any organization that is building digital capabilities. In an increasingly digital world, companies understand that enterprise software architectures yield tangible competitive advantage.
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